Gaussian free field in the background of correlated random clusters,formed by metallic nanoparticles

The effect of metallic nano-particles (MNPs) on the electrostatic potential of a disordered 2D dielectric media is considered. The disorder in the media is assumed to be white-noise Coulomb impurities with normal distribution. To realize the correlations between the MNPs we have used the Ising model with an artificial temperature T that controls the number of MNPs as well as their correlations. In the T → 0 limit, one retrieves the Gaussian free field (GFF), and in the finite temperature the problem is equivalent to a GFF in iso-potential islands. The problem is argued to be equivalent to a scale-invariant random surface with some critical exponents which vary with T and correspondingly are correlation-dependent. Two type of observables have been considered: local and global quantities. We have observed that the MNPs soften the random potential and reduce its statistical fluctuations. This softening is observed in the local as well as the geometrical quantities. The correlation function of the electrostatic and its total variance are observed to be logarithmic just like the GFF, i.e. the roughness exponent remains zero for all temperatures, whereas the proportionality constants scale with T ? T _c . The fractal dimension of iso-potential lines (D _f ), the exponent of the distribution function of the gyration radius (τ _r ), and the loop lengths (τ _l ), and also the exponent of the loop Green function x _l change in terms of T ? T _c in a power-law fashion, with some critical exponents reported in the text. Importantly we have observed that D _f (T) ? D _f (T _c ) ~ 1/√ξ(T), in which ξ(T) is the spin correlation length in the Ising model.     

Curcumin and Nano-Curcumin Mitigate Copper Neurotoxicity by Modulating Oxidative Stress,Inflammation, and Akt/GSK-3β Signaling

Copper (Cu) is essential for multiple biochemical processes, and copper sulphate (CuSO₄) is a pesticide used for repelling pests. Accidental or intentional intoxication can induce multiorgan toxicity and could be fatal. Curcumin (CUR) is a potent antioxidant, but its poor systemic bioavailability is the main drawback in its therapeutic uses. This study investigated the protective effect of CUR and N-CUR on CuSO₄-induced cerebral oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats, pointing to the possible involvement of Akt/GSK-3β. Rats received 100 mg/kg CuSO₄ and were concurrently treated with CUR or N-CUR for 7 days. Cu-administered rats exhibited a remarkable increase in cerebral malondialdehyde (MDA), NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-6 associated with decreased GSH, SOD, and catalase. Cu provoked DNA fragmentation, upregulated BAX, caspase-3, and p53, and decreased BCL-2 in the brain of rats. N-CUR and CUR ameliorated MDA, NF-κB p65, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, downregulated pro-apoptotic genes, upregulated BCL-2, and enhanced antioxidants and DNA integrity. In addition, both N-CUR and CUR increased AKT Ser473 and GSK-3β Ser9 phosphorylation in the brain of Cu-administered rats. In conclusion, N-CUR and CUR prevent Cu neurotoxicity by attenuating oxidative injury, inflammatory response, and apoptosis and upregulating AKT/GSK-3β signaling. The neuroprotective effect of N-CUR was more potent than CUR.     

An Insight into FDA Approved Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy

The large number of emerging antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy has resulted in a significant market ‘boom’, garnering worldwide attention. Despite ADCs presenting huge challenges to researchers, particularly regarding the identification of a suitable combination of antibody, linker, and payload, as of September 2021, 11 ADCs have been granted FDA approval, with eight of these approved since 2017 alone. Optimism for this therapeutic approach is clear, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 was a landmark year for deals and partnerships in the ADC arena, suggesting that there remains significant interest from Big Pharma. Herein we review the enthusiasm for ADCs by focusing on the features of those approved by the FDA, and offer some thoughts as to where the field is headed.     

A new multiobjective procedure for solving nonconvex environmental/economic power dispatch

In this article, an improved multiobjective chaotic interactive honey bee mating optimization (CIHBMO) is proposed to find the feasible optimal solution of the environmental/economic power dispatch problem with considering operational constraints of the generators. The three conflicting and noncommensurable: fuel cost, pollutant emissions, and system loss, should be minimized simultaneously while satisfying certain system constraints. To achieve a good design with different solutions in a multiobjective optimization problem, Pareto dominance concept is used to generate and sort the dominated and nondominated solutions. Also, fuzzy set theory is used to extract the best compromise solution. The propose method has been individually examined and applied to the standard Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 30‐bus six generator, IEEE 180‐bus 14 generator and 40 generating unit (with valve point effect) test systems. The computational results reveal that the multiobjective CIHBMO algorithm has excellent convergence characteristics and is superior to other multiobjective optimization algorithms. Also, the result shows its great potential in handling the multiobjective problems in power systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 20: 47–62, 2014     

Ternary complexes of N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid and some aromatic acids. Isolation and stability constants in solution

Summary Ternary 1:1:1 complexes of Y^III, Co^II, Ni^II, Cu^II, La^III, Ce^III and UO ₂ ²⁺ with N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid (H₂ADA) as primary ligand and salicylic, anthranilic or phthalic acid as secondary ligand are described. The complexes of Co^II and Cu^II were isolated and characterized by microanalysis, molar conductance measurements, thermal analysis, i.r. and u.v.-vis. spectra. The formation constants of the 111 ternary complexes were determined potentiometrically in 20% (w/w) EtOH-H₂O at 24 °C. The stabilities of the 111 M ⁿ⁺ :ADA^2–:aromatic acid ternary complexes are higher than those of the corresponding 11 M ⁿ⁺ :aromatic acid binary complexes.     

THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENT ON THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF POLYESTERS CONSISTING OF AROMATIC TYPE SCHIFF BASE MESOGENIC UNITS AND POLYMETHYLENE SPACERS

Polyesters consisting of substituted aromatic type Schiff base mesogenic unit andpolymethylene spacers were synthesized and their thermal transitions and liquid crystallineproperties were studied. The liquid crystalline behaviour has been characterized by differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical polarizing microscopy. Structural broadening bysubstitution of methoxy group in 2, 2" positions of the mesogenic core produce polymers withlower transition temperatures. Polymers synthesized from ortho and meta substituted phenylenediamine did not form a liquid crystal phase.     

On the Energetics of Ions in Carbon and Gold Nanotubes

We investigate the insertion of halide and alkali atoms into narrow single‐walled carbon nanotubes with diameters <9 Å by density functional theory; both chiral and non‐chiral tubes are considered. The atoms are stored in the form of ions; the concomitant charge transfer affects the band structure and makes originally semiconducting tubes conducting. The electrostatic interaction between a charge and the walls of the tube is explicitly calculated. The insertion energies and the positions of the ions are determined by a competition between electrostatic energy and Pauli repulsion. For comparison, we consider ions in gold nanotubes. Alkali ions follow the same principles in gold as in carbon tubes, but chloride is specifically adsorbed inside gold tubes.     

Detection of platinum dihydride bisphosphine complexes and studies of their reactivity through para-hydrogen-enhanced NMR methods

In-situ NMR studies on the reactions of Pt{CH2 = CHSi(Me)2}2O)(PCy3) with phosphines, HSiEt3 and--hydrogen or Pt(L)(L')(Me)(2) alone enable the detection of cis-Pt(L)(L')(H)2 [L = PCy3 and L' = PCy2H, PPh3 or PCy3] which then undergo hydride site interchange and H2 reductive elimination on the NMR timescale.